Compounds / Thymosin Alpha-1

Thymosin Alpha-1

Also known as: Tα1, Thymalfasin, Zadaxin (brand)

Established human clinical Not FDA-approved · approved in other countries Category: Other

The compounds described in this library are research-use-labeled chemicals and are not FDA-approved for human use. This content is factual scientific reference drawn from published literature. It is not medical, dosing, or purchasing advice. VialReport does not sell, supply, or distribute any compound.

Short summary

A 28-amino-acid immune-modulating peptide derived from thymosin fraction 5. It is approved as a medicine in a number of countries outside the United States, principally for hepatitis B and C, but is not FDA-approved.

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Origin and Development

Identified during work fractionating thymic extracts in the search for the thymus's immune-regulating factors. Developed commercially as thymalfasin, marketed under the brand name Zadaxin.

Mechanism as Understood in the Literature

Described as modulating T-cell function and dendritic cell activity, with effects on both innate and adaptive immune responses. Its mechanism is better characterized than most compounds in this library.

Research Status

A substantial clinical literature exists, including randomized trials in chronic hepatitis B and C and studies as an adjuvant in other contexts. It attracted additional research attention during the COVID-19 pandemic. It holds marketing authorization in a number of countries, with approved indications differing by jurisdiction. [VERIFY BEFORE PUBLICATION: any specific country count should be backed by a current manufacturer or regulatory source rather than a review article. The unsourced country count previously used has been flagged and foreign-authorization language made precise instead.]

Regulatory status

Not FDA-approved in the United States. Thymalfasin products have received marketing authorization in multiple countries, with indications that vary by jurisdiction. Research-grade or compounded material is not equivalent to an authorized foreign drug product. Its regulatory position is unusual within this library: an approved medicine elsewhere, unapproved domestically.

Commonly Confused With

Distinct from Thymosin Beta-4 despite the shared naming convention. The two come from the same original thymic fractionation work but are unrelated molecules with entirely different structures and functions: Tα1 is immune-modulating, Tβ4 is an actin-binding repair peptide.

How This Compound Is Marketed

Vendor marketing for this compound typically references immune support. VialReport does not evaluate or endorse these claims. See Research Status above for what the published literature actually establishes.

Analytical Profile

28 amino acids, N-terminally acetylated, molecular weight approximately 3108 Da. Readily distinguished by mass from Thymosin Beta-4 at roughly 4963 Da, despite the confusable naming.

Stability and Handling

Approved products are supplied lyophilized with defined storage requirements.

Key Literature

  1. 01 Goldstein AL, Goldstein AL. From lab to bedside: emerging clinical applications of thymosin alpha 1. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2009;9(5):593-608.
  2. 02 Camerini R, Garaci E. Historical review of thymosin alpha 1 in infectious diseases. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 2015;15 Suppl 1:S117-127.

VialReport publishes factual reference information and independent test data. Nothing here is medical, dosing, or purchasing advice.

Published reports

Reports for Thymosin Alpha-1

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