Compounds / NAD+

NAD+

Also known as: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide

Preclinical Not FDA-approved · not a peptide Category: Longevity and Mitochondrial

The compounds described in this library are research-use-labeled chemicals and are not FDA-approved for human use. This content is factual scientific reference drawn from published literature. It is not medical, dosing, or purchasing advice. VialReport does not sell, supply, or distribute any compound.

Short summary

A coenzyme present in every living cell and central to cellular energy metabolism. It is not a peptide. Sold in injectable form in research markets, and more commonly encountered as oral precursors such as NR and NMN, which have a different evidence base.

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Origin and Development

NAD+ is not a developed compound but a fundamental metabolic coenzyme, identified over a century ago and central to redox reactions throughout metabolism. Commercial and research interest stems from observations that cellular NAD+ levels decline with age.

Mechanism as Understood in the Literature

Functions as an electron carrier in redox reactions and as a substrate for enzymes including sirtuins and PARPs. The rationale behind supplementation is that raising cellular availability may support the activity of those NAD+-consuming enzymes.

Research Status

Most of the human clinical work concerns oral precursors, particularly nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN), where trials have generally demonstrated that blood NAD+ levels can be raised, with less consistent evidence for downstream clinical outcomes. Evidence specific to intravenous or injectable NAD+ is considerably thinner, and the two should not be treated as interchangeable. Precursor evidence is not assigned to injectable NAD+ here.

Regulatory status

Not FDA-approved as a drug. NMN's status as a dietary supplement ingredient has been the subject of FDA action. Injectable NAD+ preparations sit in a different and less settled position than oral precursors sold as supplements.

Commonly Confused With

Frequently conflated with its precursors NR and NMN, which are different molecules with different absorption and a different evidence base. Also distinct from 5-Amino-1MQ, which affects NAD+ availability indirectly by inhibiting an enzyme that consumes nicotinamide.

How This Compound Is Marketed

Vendor marketing for this compound typically references energy, longevity, cognitive function, and recovery. VialReport does not evaluate or endorse these claims. See Research Status above for what the published literature actually establishes.

Analytical Profile

A dinucleotide. The free acid, sodium salts, hydrates, and degradation products all differ in mass, so a figure near 663 Da should not be used without stating the precise molecular form. Not a peptide, so peptide analytical conventions do not apply. NAD+ is also notably unstable in solution and degrades readily, which is a meaningful consideration for any injectable preparation and for any analysis of one, since degradation products may be present in the material as received.

Stability and Handling

Poor stability in solution relative to most compounds in this library. Sensitive to pH, temperature, and light. Degradation products are a real analytical consideration rather than a theoretical one.

Key Literature

  1. 01 Martens CR, et al. Chronic nicotinamide riboside supplementation is well-tolerated and elevates NAD+ in healthy middle-aged and older adults. Nat Commun. 2018;9:1286.
  2. 02 Rajman L, et al. Therapeutic potential of NAD-boosting molecules: the in vivo evidence. Cell Metab. 2018;27(3):529-547.

VialReport publishes factual reference information and independent test data. Nothing here is medical, dosing, or purchasing advice.

Published reports

Reports for NAD+

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